Why Does Douglass Lived With the Auld Family
timeline of Frederick Douglass and family
1818 . (Exact engagement unknown) Frederick Douglass is born as Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, a slave at Holme Colina Farm, Talbot Canton, Maryland.
His female parent, Harriet Bailey, was a field slave from whom he was separated during his infancy. Douglass only saw his mother four or five times thereafter and for but a few hours each time. She had been sold to a man who lived twelve miles from where Douglass lived, and to see her son required that afterward her day's work in the field she walk the twelve miles, visit with him for a short time during the night, walk the twelve miles dorsum to her home, and work a second twenty-four hour period in the fields without rest. She died when Douglass was about seven.
Douglass never knew for certain whom his begetter was. He did know that his father was white, and he believed he was his master, Aaron Anthony.
1826 . Sent to alive with Hugh Auld family in Baltimore.
1827 . Asks Sophia Auld to teach him his letters. Hugh Auld stops the lessons because he feels that learning makes slaves discontented and rebellious.
1834 . Hired Out to Edward Covey, a "slave breaker", to break his spirit and make him accept slavery.
1836 . Tries to escape from slavery, but his plot is discovered.
| | 1836-38 . Works in Baltimore shipyards every bit a caulker. Falls in love with Anna Murray, a gratis Negro (daughter of slaves). 1838 . Douglass escapes from slavery and goes to New York Urban center. Marries Anna Murray. 1839 . Doughter Rosetta (1839 - 1906) is built-in. Frederick subscribes to William Garrison's The Liberator. | |
1840. Son Lewis Henry (1840 - 1908) is born.
1841 . Speaks at a coming together of the Bristol Anti-Slavery Society, and subsequently, at the urging of William Lloyd Garrison, Douglass became a lecturer for the American Anti-Slavery Social club and travels widely in the East and Midwest lecturing against slavery and campaigning for rights of gratuitous Blacks.
1842. Son Frederick Douglass, Jr. (1842 - 1892) is built-in.
1843 . Organized by Abner A. Frances, Henry Moxley (see 1832), the Charles L. Reason (the first Blackness math professor at a white college), and others, a National Convention of Colored Men was held in Buffalo to find ways to end slavery. The keynote speaker, Samuel H. Davis of Buffalo, called on northern Blacks to accept office in the great battle for our rights in common with other citizens of the Usa. Coming together in Buffalo around the aforementioned time was the abolitionist National Convention of the Liberty Party. However, William Wells Brownish did not trust the Liberty Party, a white man'due south system (see 1836).
Frederick Douglass attended both conventions. He reports:
For nearly a week I spoke every day in this sometime post office to audiences increasing in numbers and respectibility til the [Michigan Avenue] Baptist church was thrown open up to me. When this became too small I went on Sun into the open park and addressed an assembly of 4,000 persons. [Goldman]
1844. Son Charles Remond (1844 - 1920) is built-in.
1845 . Publishes the showtime of three autobiographies: The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: An American Slave. To escape recapture post-obit publication, goes to England lecturing on the American anti-slavery movement throughout the British Isles.
1846 . Becomes legally free when British supporters purchase his liberty from Hugh Auld, his onetime master.
1847a . Frederick and Anna Murray Douglass, attracted by Susan B. Anthony's very active women's motility, moved their family (8 year onetime Rosetta, seven twelvemonth old Lewis, 5 twelvemonth old Frederick, and 3 year old Charles) to Rochester New York. Even their prejudice forced the Douglass' children to be educated elsewhere.
The presence of Frederick Douglass, a famous ex-slave who became a prominent abolitionist, publisher and spokesman against slavery, helped to enhance Rochester'due south reputation equally a liberal minded city. In fact, Douglass used his ain Rochester habitation as i of the stops used for fugitive slaves.
1847b . Martin R. Delany moves from Pittsburgh to Rochester in lodge to found with and piece of work with Frederick Douglass and William Cooper Nell on a new paper, North Star, printed in the basement of Memorial African Methodist Episcopal Zion church, a flourishing center for "cloak-and-dagger" activities. Some local citizens were unhappy that their town was the site of a black newspaper, and the New York Herald urged the citizens of Rochester to dump Douglass's printing printing into Lake Ontario. Gradually, Rochester came to take pride in the North Star and its bold editor. starting the North Star marked the end of his dependence on Garrison and other white abolitionists. The paper allowed him to observe the issues facing blacks around the land. Douglass had heated arguments with many of his fellow black activists, just these debates showed that his people were beginning to involve themselves in the center of events affecting their position in America. [Rollin]
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| Once the N Star began to circulate, Douglass's friends in the abolitionist movement rallied to join in praising it. However, not anybody was pleased to see another antislavery newspaper - particularly i edited past an ex-slave. Some local citizens were unhappy that their town was the site of a black newspaper, and the New York Herald urged the citizens of Rochester to dump Douglass's printing press into Lake Ontario. Gradually, Rochester came to have pride in the N Star and its bold editor. The town had a reputation for being pro-abolitionist. Rochester'due south women were active in antislavery societies, and through them Douglass kept in close contact with the leaders in the fight for women's rights, among them Susan B. Anthony, Lucretia Mott, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Along with the skillful will of Rochester's abolitionist and female political activists, Douglass received encouragement from the local printer'due south union. The North Star received a number of glowing reviews, but unfortunately the praises did not translate into financial success. The cost of producing a weekly paper was high and subscriptions grew slowly. For a number of years, Douglass was forced to depend on his own savings and contributions from friends to keep the paper afloat. He was forced to return to the lecture circuit to raise money for the paper. During the paper's first year, he was on the route for six months. In the spring of 1848, he had to mortgage his domicile. In the midst of these troubles, a friend from England arrived to help Douglass with his financial problems. Julia Griffiths had raised plenty money to aid launch the paper, and now she was prepared to fight for its survival. Griffiths put the North Star's finances in order, and Douglass was eventually able to regain possession of his domicile. By 1851, he would be able to write to his friend, the abolitionist publisher and politician Gerrit Smith, "The North Star sustains itself, and partly sustains my large family unit. It has reached a living point. Hitherto, the struggle of its life has been to live. At present it more than than lives." Despite the ups and downs, Douglass'southward newspaper continued publication every bit a weekly until 1860 and survived for iii more years as a monthly. Later on 1851, it would exist titled Frederick Douglass' Paper. Douglass'due south newspaper symbolized the potential for blacks to achieve whatever goals they fix. The paper provided a forum for blackness writers and highlighted the success achieved by prominent blackness figures in American lodge. The paper survived as a weekly until 1860 and and then for three more years every bit a monthly. |
1848 . Douglass attends the first women's rights convention at Seneca Falls, NY and advocates the right to vote for women. While he roamed far beyond his original bounds, his wife, though difficult-working, remained uneducated and politically unambitious. In England he met Julia Griffiths and brought her habitation to alive with him in the Rochester family house as a tutor for his children and for wife Anna in 1848. Just his effort with his wife failed and Anna remained about totally illiterate until her death.
A scandal erupted when Julia Griffiths began to serve as Douglass's office and business manager and soon became his nearly abiding companion. She arranged his lectures, dealt with the paper's finances and accompanied him to meetings. People in Rochester gradually adjusted to the sight of the black leader and the white adult female walking arm in arm down the street.
1849a . Annie Douglass, Frederick's concluding child, is built-in.
1849b. On May 5 Douglass is attacked by gang of toughs when he walks along Battery in New York City with two British women friends, Julia and Eliza Griffiths.
1850a . Publishes an attack on the Compromise of 1850 and the new avoiding-slave law.
1851a . Changes the proper name of Northward Star to Frederick Douglass' Paper. Helps three fugitive Maryland slaves escape to Canada as "Station Primary" of the Rochester terminus of the Secret Railroad(read more than).
1851b. Julia Griffiths helped put the 'Due north Star'south' finances in gild.
Julia Griffiths was one of six founders of the Rochester Ladies' Anti-Slavery and Sewing Club. The "Sewing" was later dropped. By March, 1852, the Society had grown to nineteen members, when they held the commencement of their Festivals, or bazaars. In these events, held annually for over a decade, the women of the Society raised money through the sale of items fabricated locally or contributed past other anti-slavery societies every bit far away as Great britain, and through gate receipts for lectures by Frederick Douglass, Gerrit Smith, or other activists held in the Corinthian Hall. The first Festival was advertised in newspapers equally far away every bit New York, Philadelphia, and Washington, D.C., and by all accounts, it was a rousing success, netting over $250. Following on the heels of this bazaar, the Society intensified their fund raising efforts, matching success with success. In 1853, Julia Griffiths edited Autographs for freedom, a collection of antislavery essays past William Wells and Black mathematician Charles Reason and others, with facsimile signatures of the contributors, which sold and then well that a second edition was prepared the following year. In the winter of 1854-55, the Society as well sponsored its first annual lecture series, bringing in renowned speakers. In one case once more, the Gild constitute a large and receptive audition for their message. Colleagues in British antislavery societies provided an important and regular source of funds through bazaars held on behalf of the Rochester Society. By the tardily 1850s, the annual receipts of the Society surpassed $1,500.
The bulk of the money raised by the Order was used in the important task of keeping Frederick Douglass' Paper solvent, but coin was besides used to help support a school for freedmen in Kansas and for the publication and distribution of anti-slavery literature in Kentucky. The Society played a crucial support function in one stretch of the Hole-and-corner Railroad, providing small-scale cash gifts directly to fugitive slaves to aid them on the final leg of their escape to Canada. The Society's annual reports for 1855 and 1856 listed 136 fugitives who had passed through Rochester with the Society's help, and past the following year, they had begun to develop a connection with veteran "railroad" engineer, Harriet Tubman. The pro-slavery pessure and Black and White lover scandal became also much and in 1855 Julia Griffiths returned to England and got married
1851c. Douglass aids three fugitive Maryland slaves, wanted for murdering their old principal when he tried to recapture them in Pennsylvania in escaping to Canada. The three are among hundreds Douglass helps flee to freedom as "station principal" of the Rochester terminus of the Underground Railroad.
1852a. Splits with Garrison over the ways to achieve the abolition of slavery. Chosen vice-presidential candidate at the Liberal Party convention. Delivers his famous speech, "What to the Slave is the 4th of July?" in Corinthian Hall, Rochester, New York.
1852b. Griffiths decided to spare Douglass farther embarrassment by moving out of his home. She remained his shut associate until she left the United States.
1853 . With Frederick Douglass every bit a draw, the National Negro Convention (also known as the Colored National Convention) meets in Rochester.
1855a . Douglass writes a second autobiography: My Bondage and My Liberty .
1855b . Aware that Douglass' enemies were using his highly public relationship with Griffith as negative fodder, Julia Griffith returns home to England.
| 1855c. Douglass meets Ottilie Assing. Ottilie (1819-1884) was a German (half-Jew) announcer for the prestigious German newspaper Morgenblatt für gebildete Leser, who traveled to Rochester, New York, in 1856 to interview Douglass. Assing spent the adjacent 22 summers with the Douglass family unit, working on articles, the translation project, and tutoring his children. Anna Douglass, Frederick'southward married woman, was somewhat older than Frederick and illiterate, was als ill much of the time. She shared little of her hubby's intellect or interests, and seemed unable to cope with the large household. Assing, on the other hand, was a passionate abolitionist, was politically astute, and contributed a great deal to Douglass' work. The affair was never bars to the domestic sphere, and it was never a surreptitious. For most of their 26 year friendship, when apart, Frederick and Ottilie weekly wrote each other. Assing was confident that, upon Anna's decease, Douglass would ally her. Oh, bitter news! He wed another woman - white, bright and 20 years his junior. Heartbroken and sick with breast cancer, Assing walked into a park, opened a tiny vial and swallowed the potassium cyanide within. Yet Ottilie left Frederick Douglass as the sole heir in her will. | |
[Notation. The Douglass'south letters to Assing were burned, and only a handful survive from Assing to Douglass. There is a volume past a professor of American Studies at Academy of Muenster in Frg:Love across Color Lines: Ottilie Assing and Frederick Douglass. By Maria Diedrich. (New York: Hill and Wang, 1999. xxx, 480 pp. $35.00, isbn 0-8090-1613-3.) ]
1857 . The Rochester public schools desegregate after years of Frederick Douglasses protestations.
1858 . John Brown stays at the Douglass home in Rochester while developing plans for encouraging a slave revolt.
1859a . Escapes to Canada to avoid being arrested equally an accomplice in John Brown'south program to seize Harper's Ferry and sails to England:
Douglass knew and supported John Dark-brown in his assisting escaped slaves to reach Canada. Merely when in 1859 Dark-brown told him of the plan to assail the Harpers Ferry Armory and to arm the slaves for an coup, Douglass knew that his friend had gone circular the bend and declined to participate in the raid. Brown'southward confiscated papers mentioned the proper noun of Douglass, and a request for his arrest was issued. This led Douglass to take an immediate unplanned voyage to Europe, where he met upward with Ottilie Assing, and, on the lecture excursion he acclaimed, from afar, the martyrdom of John Brownish.
1859b. Ottilie Assing, vividly described for a High german paper, a demarcation line that surrounded Douglass's domicile: "This is the firm of FD, the famous colored orator, who lives in the country close to Rochester , and American colour prejudice is the demon which surrounds this house like a Chinese wall, beyond which only the most determined and ardent abolitionists dare to pace."
1859c . Eleven-year old girl Annie Douglass dies.
1860 . Returns to the United states upon hearing of the death of his, Annie. Her expiry had the effect of curtailing Douglass' European speaking tours.
1861 . Calls for the use of Black troops to fight the Confederacy through the establishment of Negro regiments in the Union Army.
1863a . Congress authorized black enlistment in the Marriage ground forces. The Massachusetts 54th Regimate was the kickoff black unit to be formed, and the governor of the state asked Frederick Douglass to assist in the recruitment. Douglass agreed and wrote an editorial that was published in the local newspapers. "Men of Colour, to Artillery," he urged blacks to "cease in a day the bondage of centuries" and to earn their equality and show their patriotism by fighting in the Union crusade. His sons Lewis and Charles were among the first Rochester African Americans to enlist. Douglass visited President Abraham Lincoln to protest bigotry against Black troops.
1863b . Rosetta Douglass , daughter of Frederick, returns to Rochester with new hubby Nathaniel Sprague.
1863c. Douglass visits President Lincoln, protests discrimination confronting black troops; visits President Lincoln in White House to plead the example of the Negro soldiers discriminated against in the Union regular army; receives assurance from Lincoln that problem will be given every consideration; visits secretary of War Stanton and bodacious that he will receive a commission in Marriage Army to Recruit Negro soldiers in South.
1864 . Frederick Douglass served as an adviser to President Abraham Lincoln during the Ceremonious War and fought for the adoption of constitutional amendments that guaranteed voting rights and other civil liberties for blacks. Douglass provided a powerful voice for human being rights during this period of American history and is still revered today for his contributions confronting racial injustice.
1865. Douglass speaks at memorial meeting on life and death of Lincoln called past Negroes of New York City later on New York Mutual Council refused to permit Negroes to participate in the funeral procession when Lincoln's body passed through the city. Later on Mrs. Lincoln sends him the martyred president'south walking stick.
1866 . Attends convention of Equal Rights Clan and clashes with women'south rights leaders over their insistence that the vote non be extended to Black men unless it is given to all women at the aforementioned time.
1867 . Turns downward President Andrew Johnson'southward offering to name him commissioner of the Freedmen's Bureau inasmuch as the National Blackness Leadership supported General Oliver O. Howard's continuation in the mail service.
1869 . Frederick's son Lewis marries Amelia Loguen, girl of Bishop Jermain Loguen.
1870 . Becomes possessor and editor of The New National Era, a weekly newspaper in Washington. DC.
1871 . Appointed Assistant Secretarial assistant to the Conimission of Research into the possible looting of Santo Dorningo.
1872 . Douglass is nominated for vice-president by Equal Rights Party on a ticket headed by Victoria Woodhull. During the 1872 presidential election, and Frederick Douglass was given an unexpected honor. He was chosen every bit one of the two electors-at-large from New York, the men who carried the sealed envelope with the results of the country voting to the capital letter. After the election, Douglass expected that he would be given a position in the Ulysses S. Grant administration, but no post was offered, and so he returned to the lecture circuit. Afterwards Douglass's Rochester home went up in flames. None of his family unit was hurt, just many irreplaceable volumes of his newspapers were destroyed. Although friends urged him to rebuild in Rochester, Douglass decided to movement his family unit to the centre of political activity in Washington, D.C.
1874 . Named president of Freedman'due south Savings and Trust Company.
1877 . Appointed US marshall of the Commune of Columbia.
| | 1878 . Douglass purchases "Cedar Hill" a ix-acre estate in the Anacostia section of Washington, DC. 1881. Frederick Douglass is appointed Recorder of Deeds for the District of Columbia. He publishes a third autobiography: Life and Times of Frederick Douglass . 1882a . Florence Sprague and Viola VanBuren where the first Blackness teachers in the Rochester School Commune. (note: it appears not to be true that Florence is daughter of Rosetta Douglass Sprague, meet 1863) 1882b . Anna Douglass, died after a long illness. 1883. Distinguished Men of New York |
1884a . Resigns as Recorder of Deeds for the Commune of Columbia.
1884b. Frederick Douglass marries his secretary Helen Pitts, a white woman from Honeoye New York (not 20 miles distant Honeoye Falls), who was near twenty years younger than he. Both families recoiled; hers stopped speaking to her; his was bruised for they felt his marriage was a repudiation of their mother.
| Hellen Pitts was a graduate of Mount Holyoke Seminary, and daughter of Gideon Pitts, Jr., an abolitionist colleague and friend of Douglass'. Gideon'south dwelling was a station on the Hush-hush Railroad.. While living in Washington, D.C. before her union, Helen had worked on a radical feminist publication called the Blastoff. Helen is a straight descendent of John and Priscilla Alden and a cousin to Presidents John and John Q. Adams. Equally a result, the marriage of a Mayflower Girl to a onetime slave was yet another source of outrage to those who opposed the inter-racial marriage with Douglass. It was Pitts' race, and non her historic period upset both the black and the white communities. Douglass' response was, My kickoff married woman was the colour of my mother, my second is the color of my father. Pitts, nevertheless, would prove to exist most influential at establishing the Frederick Douglass home and maintaining the legacy of Douglass subsequently his expiry.. | |
1884c. Frederick Douglass' lover of 26 years, Ottilie Assing commits suicide (encounter 1856 above).
1886. 1986-87 Frederick and Helen travel to England, French republic, Italian republic, Egypt and Greece in 1886-87.
1888. Appointed Delegate General to Haiti by President Benjamin Harrison
1889 . Appointed Accuse d'Affaires for Santo Domingo as well every bit Minister Resident to Haiti.
1891 . Resigns as Government minister to Haiti.
1892. Below - President Benjamin Harrison attends anniversary at Kodak Park with Frederick Douglass, Mayor Hiram Edgerton and Civil State of war veterans.
1893. Announces plans to establish Liberty Manufacturing Co., a textile manufacturing house, on a site near Norfolk, Virginia, where he hopes to utilise 300 blacks. The scheme proves to be a sham by unscrupulous promoters using his proper noun and prestige.
1895 . On February 20, Frederick Douglass at Cedar Colina, Anacostia, subsequently attending a women's rights meeting, was struck by a massive heart set on and died at the historic period of 77. Equally news of Douglass's decease spread throughout the country, crowds gathered at the Washington church where he lay in state to pay their respects. Black public schools closed for the twenty-four hour period, and parents took their children for a last expect at the famed leader. His wife and children accompanied his body back to Rochester, where he was laid to remainder. Helen works to preserve the Douglass home in memory of Frederick.
| The Frederick Douglass Home. At the request of Helen Pitts Douglass, Congress chartered the Frederick Douglass Memorial and Historical Association, to whom Mrs. Douglass ancestral the business firm. Joining with the National Association of Colored Women's Clubs, the association opened the business firm to visitors in 1916. The holding was added to the National Park arrangement on September 5, 1962 and was designated a National Historic Site in 1988. The Frederick Douglass National Historic Site is located at 1411 Due west Street, SE in Washington, D. C. and it is opened to the public. | |
1896 . Rosetta Douglass Sprague was a founding member of the National Association of Colored Women.
1898 . The first monument to a black man, Frederick Douglass (as well see 1847), was established in Rochester.
1910 . While serving equally president of the Frederick Douglass Memorial Association, Mary Talbert was responsible for the restoration of the Frederick Douglass Abode in Anacostia, Maryland. She also served every bit a delegate to the International Council of Women in Kingdom of norway, and lectured internationally internationally on race relations and women'south rights. For more on Talbert click Talbert.
Children of Frederick Douglass:
Rosetta, Lewis Henry, Frederick, Jr., Charles Resmond, Annie
Mary Louise was the daughter of Charles Resmond Douglass. Her siblings were Charles Frederick, Joseph Henry, Annie Elizabeth, Julia Ada, Edward and Haley George.
Some references:
- Douglass, Frederick. Life and Times of Frederick Douglass: His Early Life as a Slave, His Escape From Bondage, and His Complete History Written by Himself. New York: Collier Books, 1962.
- Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass an American Slave, Written by Himself. Ed. Benjamin Quarles. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Upward, 1960.
- Douglass, Helen Pitts. In Memoriam: Frederick Douglass. Freeport, N.Y.: Books for Libraries Printing, 1971.
- Diedrich, Maria. Love across Colour Lines: Ottilie Assing and Frederick Douglass . Loma and Wang, 1999, 480 pp. $35.00, isbn 0-8090-1613-iii.)
- Douglass, Frederick. The Heroic Slave. (published in Autographs for Liberty, edited Julia Griffiths [Cleveland: John P. Jewett & Company, 1853]
- May 2003 letters from Jean Czerkas <JFCZERKAS@msn.com>. Florence Sprague is non a child of Rosetta Douglass. Rosetta, her husband Nathan, three of their daughters and only son are interred in historic Mt. Hope Cemetery in Rochester, New York. There children are:
Alice Louisa; Annie Rosine; Harriet Bailey; Estelle Irene; Fredericka Douglass; Herbert Douglass; Rosebelle Mary.
Other sites:
Frederick Douglass home .
Frederick Douglass Museum and Cultural Heart .
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Source: http://www.math.buffalo.edu/~sww/0history/hwny-douglass-family.html
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